![]() ![]() ![]() The first medical account came from German physician Georg Tobias Ludwig Sachs in 1812. However, there is disagreement as to whether Locke described an actual instance of synesthesia or was using a metaphor. The earliest recorded case of synesthesia is attributed to the Oxford University academic and philosopher John Locke, who, in 1690, made a report about a blind man who said he experienced the color scarlet when he heard the sound of a trumpet. These are usually the first abstract concepts that educational systems require children to learn. This hypothesis – referred to as semantic vacuum hypothesis – could explain why the most common forms of synesthesia are grapheme–color, spatial sequence, and number form. It has been suggested that synesthesia develops during childhood when children are intensively engaged with abstract concepts for the first time. Little is known about how synesthesia develops. Synesthetic associations can occur in any combination and any number of senses or cognitive pathways. In spatial-sequence, or number form synesthesia, numbers, months of the year, or days of the week elicit precise locations in space ( e.g., 1980 may be "farther away" than 1990), or may appear as a three-dimensional map (clockwise or counterclockwise). In one common form of synesthesia, known as grapheme–color synesthesia or color–graphemic synesthesia, letters or numbers are perceived as inherently colored. Awareness of synesthetic perceptions varies from person to person. People who report a lifelong history of such experiences are known as synesthetes. Synesthesia ( American English) or synaesthesia ( British English) is a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. ![]() Most synesthetes see characters just as others do (in whichever color actually displayed) but may simultaneously perceive colors as associated with or evoked by each one. (Contains 6 tables.How someone with synesthesia might perceive certain letters and numbers. Participants in the two groups reported the use of similar cues in remembering the target colors. Students with no prior color training more accurately remembered the color purple than did design majors, while design majors were more accurate in remembering the color orange. Results revealed that the most accurately remembered color was yellow, followed by purple, orange, and green. After viewing the target color for 5 seconds, followed by a delay of an additional 5 seconds, each student was presented a set of 10 color chips and asked to identify the target color. Color memory in four hue categories was tested separately using sets of Munsell color chips that consisted of a target color and nine distractors that were closely related to, but visibly different from the target color. This study investigated short-term color memory of 40 college students, 20 of whom were interior design majors and 20 who had no previous color-related education or professional experience. The ability to select a previously viewed color specimen from an array of specimens that differ in hue, value, or chroma varies among individuals, and may be related to one's basic color discrimination ability or to prior experience with color. ![]()
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